The key role of CMOS integrated circuits in modern electronic devices

CMOS integrated circuits have unique characteristics:

1. Energy Saving
The static power consumption of CMOS circuits is very small when operating, which is suitable for long-term operation and battery-powered equipment, such as mobile phones and handheld computers. Low power consumption also helps high-density integrated circuits reduce heat generation.

2. High speed
CMOS circuits can achieve high-frequency operation because their transistors switch quickly. In the field of modern computers and communications, high speed is a key technology to meet the needs of fast data processing and transmission.

3. Powerful noise suppression
CMOS circuits transmit signals through voltage changes and are insensitive to electromagnetic noise, providing clear and stable signal processing.

CMOS integrated circuits need to take protective measures to ensure reliability:

1. Electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection
CMOS circuits are also sensitive to small electrostatic discharges and require ESD protection in design and operation, including protection circuits and anti-static equipment.

2. Overvoltage protection
CMOS circuits are sensitive to the voltage range of the input signal and require overvoltage protection, such as limiters, voltage regulators, and transient voltage suppressors.

3. Temperature control
High temperature may reduce circuit performance or even damage CMOS circuits. Reasonable consideration must be given to heat distribution and heat dissipation systems to ensure that the circuit operates within a safe temperature range.

4. Transient response suppression
CMOS circuits are sensitive to transient noise from power lines or other signal lines, and suppression measures need to be taken, such as filters and voltage stabilizing circuits.

CMOS integrated circuits are based on complementary metal oxide semiconductor structures and have the characteristics of low power consumption, high speed, and noise suppression. They are indispensable in the field of modern technology. Through these protection measures, their reliability and stability can be improved to ensure normal operation.